在雅思阅读教学的初级阶段,阅读真题中的句子是帮助学生迅速扩充词汇的好方法。为了让学生在积累词汇的同时更多的感受阅读技巧,笔者将真题中的一些句子根据信号词进行分类。以因果信号词为例，我们可以通过“关系重现”把定位对象从“词”上升到“句子结构”，从而越过生词造成的阅读障碍。如题目：Paper is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is_______.(sentence completion)原文：Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded.题干中的连词because体现出一种因果关系，即前因后果，这样的关系往往会重现在文中。不难发现，原文里有体现前因后果关系的连词so,而且because前面的结果和so后面的结果相同，把握住这个关系，我们就可以回避biodegradable造成的阅读障碍，这个阅读障碍其实就是答案。同时，阅读是写作的来源，许多考生在表述因果关系时总会用because, so等，看了阅读中丰富的表达方式后，就可以将它们一一收入囊中，这样写作的时候就不会囊中羞涩啦。

用in that,because of, identified as the reason for, the  reason  is  that, result from等表示原因。

例句：

1.The British rocket differed  from  the  Indian version in  that  it was completely encased  in a stout, iron  cylinder,  terminating  in  a  conical  head, measuring  one metre  in diameter  and having a stick almost five metres long and constructed in such a way that it could be firmly  attached  to  the  body  of  the  rocket.

2.As an illustration of the health risks, in the case of a married couple where one partner is a smoker and one a non-smoker, the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher risk of death from heart disease because of passive smoking.

3.Human activities are identified as the most preventable reasons for environmental deterioration.。

4.The  reason  is  that  nobody associated  the  reaction  principle  with  the  idea  of  travelling  through  space  to  a neighbouring world.

5.In 1990, smoking caused more than 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza. Smoking, it is believed, is responsible for 30 per cent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States today.

用as a result of ,therefore, thus, hence表示结果。

例句：

1.As a result of growing research evidence of the importance of an identical language for international communication,more people in many parts of the world today are supporting the invention of a global language.

2.A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke. This type of smoke contains more, smaller particles and is therefore more likely to be deposited deep in the lungs.

3.In a larger context,inventing an international language would mean that people of all races could speak the same language,thus lessening ethnic and racial antagonism between nations divided by varied religious or political ideology.

4.A simple analogy can help us to understand how a rocket operates. It is much like a machine gun mounted on the rear of a boat. In reaction to the backward discharge of bullets,  the gun, and hence  the boat, move  forwards.

用contribute…to… ,attribute…to…, owe…to…, blame …mainly on… ,affect, produce effects on, interfere with , lead to , cause体现隐含的因果关系

例句：

1.Municiple, industrial and agricultural waste all contribute to pollution and deterioration of ecology.

2.It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence.

3.It has been calculated that 17 percent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence.

4.People blame global warming mainly on the increasing use of private cars.

5.Pollutants are building up faster and faster.These poisons could easily enter the food chain,affecting our physical health in many ways.

6.The report suggests that the smoke experienced by many people in their daily lives is enough to produce substantial adverse effects on a person’s heart and lungs.

7.Too much free time spent on play would interfere with children’s growth and development.

8.Economic progress would rapidly lead to the disappearance or assimilation of many small-scale societies(or marginal communities) or many economically disadvantaged ones.

9.Agricultural fertilizer would be washed away by rain into streams and rivers,polluting water course and causing blooms of blue-green algae.