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小编： 11130教育类：
1. At present, it is hard for college graduates to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. Do you agree or disagree?
2. Young people like shopping in their spare time. Some people think young people should spend their time learning useful skills or knowledge. Do you agree or disagree?
3. Some people think that secondary students should study international news as one of their subjects; but others believe that it is a waste of their valuable time. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (see the sample)
4. Some people think that all young adults should undertake a period of unpaid work to help people in the community. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
5. Schools should emphasize more on academic issues, which is more important for the future job, rather than sports and music. What is your opinion? (see the sample)
6. Some people think a sense of competition should be encouraged. Others believe that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both and give your opinion. (see the sample)
7. Some people think that children should not violate the rules set by teachers and parents, while others believe that the natural development might be better for their adult life. What is your opinion? (see the sample)
8. In countries where there is high unemployment most pupils should be offered only primary education; there is no point in offering secondary education to those who will have no hope of finding an job. Do you agree or disagree?
9. Children who are brought up in families which do not have large amount of money are better prepared to deal with the problems of adult life than children brought up in wealthier families. Do you agree or disagree?
10.Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to work hard when they are young. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? (see the sample)
11.Nowadays, in many countries, universities are accepting more students. Is it a positive or negative development?
12.Some people think that exams have some bad effects on both students and teachers. Some other says they do a good job in the evaluation of students’ performance. What is your opinion?
13.Should education be paid by individuals or government?
14.Physical punishment is an effective way to correct students’ mistakes. Do you agree or disagree?
社会类：
1. In many countries, people neglect the elderly. Please analyze the reasons and social consequences.
2. Companies should encourage old employees (55 years old) to retire in order to give opportunities to the new generation. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
3. Some people think people should save up for their life after retirement. Do you agree or disagree/
4. Recently, the proportion of older people has increased. What are the causes? Do you think it will have positive or negative effects on society as a whole?
5. Nowadays, young people are leaving schools and are unable to find a job. Why does it happen and what measures can be taken to reduce the level of unemployment among youngsters?
6. The frequent change of the world has resulted in the change of people’s jobs and work life. Discuss the reasons and give your suggestions on preparing people who are going to work in the future. (see the sample)
7. Nowadays, some employers think the academic qualities are more important than the life experience and personal qualities when they choose employees. Why does this take place? Is it a positive or negative development?
8. Capital punishment is essential to control violence in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
9. Recent figures of crimes committed by young people are increasing in major cities throughout the world. Discuss the possible reasons and the solutions.
10.Some people think that the increasing business and cultural contacts have positive effects, while others think that they have negative effects on the national identity. Discuss both and give your opinion. (see the sample)
11.The international trade has made many goods transported to other countries, such as daily necessities. Such goods are usually transported a long distance. Do you think its benefits outweigh the drawbacks?
12.International tourism becomes the biggest industry, but it creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. What is your opinion? (see the sample)
13.Good relationship between different countries would become more important than ever before. Do you agree or disagree? (see the sample)
14.Multi-cultural societies, which are a mixture of different ethnic groups, bring more benefits than drawbacks for a country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
15.Several languages are dying out every year. Some people do not think it is important and say that our life will be simpler with fewer languages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
16.Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain young people. Others think the purpose of museums is to educate, not entertain. Discuss both and give your opinion.
17.Modern buildings have changed the appearance of cities and towns. Some people argue that we should build all buildings in traditional styles to protect the cultural identity. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
18.People believe that they should be able to keep all the money they earn and should not pay tax to the state. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
19.The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. Do you agree or disagree?
20.Traffic and housing problems in major cities would be solved by moving big companies, factories and their employees to the countryside. Do you agree or disagree?
21.Nowadays, people are becoming more and more greedy and selfish. Some people think we should return to older, traditional values and show respect for family and local community. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
22.An American film star once said, “Tomorrow is the most important thing in life.” How important do you think it is for individuals and countries to think about the future rather than focus on the present?
23.There is a gap of living in cities and countryside. What are the reasons in your country and what can be done to reduce the difference?
24.Some people think that animals should be treated as friends, while others think they are only a source of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
25.Should animals be used to test new drugs?
26.Some people think that government should provide assistance to all kinds of artists, while others think it is a waste of money. What is your opinion? (see the sample)
27.Technology ahs changed our life. But artists, such as musicians, writers and painters are still highly valued. What can arts tell us about life that technology can not?
28.Popular events like the football World Cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tension and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
技术类：
1. Scientific and technological advances are beneficial in our daily life today. How ever most scientists are no longer able to find the solutions of the problems they have created. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Someone believes that modern telecommunication devices have many benefits to humans, while others think otherwise. What is your opinion?
3. The range and quality oft the food have been improved by the advancement of science and technology. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages about this and present your opinion.
4. Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and uses up the world’ resources. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
5. Advertising is having a bigger influence on our daily lives. Some people believe the positive effects of advertising outweigh the negative effects. What is your opinion?(see the sample)
6. Advertising encourages consumers to buy in quantity rather than improve quality. Do you agree or disagree?
【实例演示】
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There are more and more young people taking drugs. What are the reasons and what measures should be taken to address this problem? |
【范文及点评】
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8分范文 |
高分理由 |
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An increasing number of young people are taking drugs these days, which raises considerable concerns in many countries. To deal with this problem, though, is no easy task. The good starting point, however, is to figure out the reasons. The youth drug abuse is not due to a single cause, but due to a combination of factors, such as being out of curiosity or being influenced by peer addicts. However, the most important reason, I think, is that nowadays, many young people are suffering from heavy pressure, either from their studies or from their lives. They take drugs to escape from the reality. Sadly enough, they become addicted to drugs before they know it. It is undeniable that taking drugs is not only detrimental(有害的) to the development and growth of young people but also disastrous to the well-being of the society as a whole. Therefore, effective measures are badly needed. I think government should play a major role in addressing this problem by setting up some programs to teach young people the dangers of drug abuse, establishing some institutions where drug addicts are forced to refrain from taking drugs and figuring out some ways to alleviate stresses on young people. The most needed measure, I believe, is for government to lay down stricter laws and impose these laws on drug production and drug dealers, because only through this the problem can be eradicated. It must be admitted that we still have a long way to go to the complete eradication of drug abuse, but we have to continue making efforts, because youth drug abuse is the last thing we want to see. |
简要重述题目内容，快速引出成因，精彩形篇，熟记熟用，化为已用。 用原因众多承接上文，注意not ... but due to a combination of a factors, 表达复杂问题完全可以为你所用。 however转折，引出最重要成因。 用It is undeniable that不仅能引起共鸣，还能小秀一下自己的英语驾驭能力。 Therefore用得不落痕迹，考官意识不自觉地被你引导。 by两个动名词短语的应用再次表现了你对英语交流的成竹在胸。 结尾呼吁：任重道远但却只能勇往直前，志存高远，令考官刮目。 |
It is generally acknowledged that families are not as close as they used to be. Discuss the possible reasons and offer your recommendations.
Great changes have taken place in family life along with the development of society, one of which is that the once extended family tends to become smaller and smaller. Many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work elsewhere. As time passes, they become emotionally estranged from their parents.
Compared with the past, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce. People are urged to concentrate their efforts upon work, so that they can achieve success, or at least a good standard of living. As a result, they can not afford to spend their leisure hours with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship is gradually fading from their minds.
In addition, the availability of various kinds of recreational facilities also diverts people from enjoying chats with the members of their families. Their free time is mostly occupied by watching TV, surfing the internet or playing video games. They come to lose interest in communicating with the other members of their families.
In view of such alienation within families, urgent steps must be taken. For members of families who live away from one another, regular contact on the phone can bring them the care they need. Family reunion on holidays or other important occasions can make a difference as well. For those who live together, it is a good idea to take some time off work or recreation periods to spend more time with each other. In the final analysis, a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize the significant role it plays in our lives and attach importance to it.
【实例演示】
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of computers.
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Many changes have been witnessed in our life along with the development of technology, one of which is the wide use of computers. According to a survey, nearly 71% of families own a computer, compared with 25% in 1995. Personally, there are benefits and drawbacks existing in this trend.（开头列数据，不失为好办法。） Computers do facilitate（使方便） our life in many aspects. Indeed, our life is becoming more entertaining and colorful than ever before. With the computer, we can watch movies with stunning effects and listen to music with fantastic sound quality, an enjoyment which our ancestors could never dream of. Besides, through email, we can contact people all over the world in no time at almost no cost. Most importantly, computers play a vital role in many industries, such as manufacturing and mining, freeing people from much hard and hazardous work. However, along with the benefits computers bring come the drawbacks. It is just the prevalence of computers that results in the high unemployment rate. (强调句！) It is especially the case in some developed countries, such as Germany and Japan. What is more serious lies in the fact that an increasing number of people are indulged in （沉溺于）virtual world, resulting in some anti-social behaviors ranging from losing interest in social interactions to failing to tell fantasy from reality. In conclusion，despite the potential problems, the benefits of computers can not be denied. Anyway, when we enjoy the benefits one thing brings, we have to live up with some drawbacks derived from it. |
第一句引出大背景。运用数据是个好办法。 Do+动词强调 Most importantly,突出连贯性和层次感。 Along with...承上启下。 It is...that...强调句。无论好坏皆可强调。 结尾段稍加改动，即可占为己有。 |
【实例演示】
Some people think that increasing business and cultural contacts have a positive
influence, while others think they have negative effects on national identity.
Discuss both and give your opinion.
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Not only has globalization brought the exchange of goods but also brought the frequent contact of different cultures. This trend, however, triggers a heated debate about whether it is beneficial or damaging. Some people embrace the trend. They maintain that this kind of contact can offer a twofold bonus. Economically speaking, this kind of contact can increase the living standard in general, for developed countries can benefit substantially by enlarging their international market share and lowering costs of manufacturing, while developing countries may reduce the high unemployment rate and promote exportation. From the cultural perspective, on the other hand, frequent communication can lead to the bilateral understanding in terms of customs, habits and religions, which can be of great help to the fading of conflicts between countries. Another army of people, however, regard the trend negatively. They argue that it is this kind of contact that poses potential threats to a variety of industries in developing countries. For example, as the products from developed countries sweep into developing ones, the latter may suffer heavily. They also put forward the view that an increasing number of people in developing countries, especially young ones, seem to have alienated from their traditions. For example, in China, more and more young people are crazy about Western festivals, such as Xmas, instead of attaching importance to their traditional ones. My view is that this kind of contact brings both benefits and drawbacks. Since globalization is accelerating（加速） and, actually, brings about some benefits, what we have to do is to work out some feasible approaches, such as, laying down some laws and regulations, to protect local industries and cultural heritage. |
开头一句略加变通，用处极广。倒装句型早早呈现在考官眼前。 国与国之间的题目大抵可从发达国家和发展中国家寻找话题。 负面影响仍从经济文化方面展开并采用举例认证。 结尾段采取折衷方法，考试时易于操作。 |
Some people think a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to cooperate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Some people hold the view that children should be instilled in a sense of competition. They argue that competition is constant in their studies and life. Those who are competitive are generally those who have more possibilities of surviving when they become adults. They also put forward the view that it is, in essence, competition that acts as the driven force behind the progress in all fields. Therefore, being competitive is vital to the advancement of the society. In these people’s eyes, a sense of competition should be prioritized.
Other people, however, hold a different view. They maintain that learning to cooperate is far more important than learning to compete. They lend support to their view by pointing out the fact that given the status quo, only through collective efforts of cooperation can people make things happen. They put forward some projects, such as space travel, for their case. It is unimaginable for a single-handed person to make a difference in such projects no matter how competitive he is.
I think, although we should attach importance to the sense of competition because it is a kind of positive built-in mechanism of humans, we should put a higher price on the sense of cooperation because it is not only what constantly changing society needs, but is what distinguishes humans from most animals
闪光表达及词汇：
be instilled in a sense of灌输。。。概念 Those who are。。。are generally those who那些。。。人通常是那些。。。人 in essence从本质上说 prioritize置于首位 status quo现状 attach importance to重视 put a higher price on更重视 it is not only what。。。 but is what。。。不仅是。。。而且是。。。
【实例演示】
At present, it is hard for college graduates to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. Do you agree or disagree?
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The unemployment of the college graduates in many countries is increasing at an alarming rate, which raises considerable concern among many people. Some people advocate that college teachers should focus on practical subjects such as computer science and business instead of some traditional ones like history and geography. This view, however, sounds questionable. Admittedly, practical subjects play a vital role in today’s world, because we are living in the so-called technology and commerce-based society, which means those who are excellent in practical studies are more likely to have an edge in job-hunting. For example, if a person has a good command of computer skills, it is relatively easy for him to find a job. However, reaching the above mentioned conclusion does not mean the same as assuming that we should attach less importance to traditional subjects like history and geography. By learning history and geography, people will have a better understanding of their country, thus evoking the patriotic emotion. This is especially valuable and priceless in such times when many people, especially young ones, have alienated from their traditions. Besides, it must be realized that the unemployment of the college graduates is not due to a single cause, but due to a combination of factors, such as the economic recession, lack of experience. Therefore, prioritizing practical subjects is not the fundamental solution. In conclusion, despite the importance of practical subjects, traditional ones such as history and geography are still irreplaceable because of their intrinsic value. There are high hopes that the government and the people concerned should exercise their wisdom to alleviate the pressure of the joblessness of the college graduates. |
开头略述失业问题之严重，然后引出话题，表达观点。 Admittedly,引出让步。 Reaching…引导的承接句自然流畅。 该句应熟记，用来阐述重要性，屡试不爽。 引出原因段的经典表达。 结尾段适用范围极广。 |
Some people think that secondary students should study international news as one of their subjects; but others believe that it is a waste of their valuable study time. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Nowadays, there exist two different views regarding whether the study of international news should be an integral part of（组成部分） the curricula of secondary schools. It is necessary to put some thoughts into this issue.（现成开头）
Those who think studying international news is a waste of time might argue on the grounds that（引出反方观点句型） with the employment competition becoming ever fiercer, students’ top task is to focus on academic subjects, because, in their eyes, these subjects can bring an undoubted edge in job hunting. （在找工作方面拥有毋庸置疑的优势）However, I do not think this view holds. The fast pace of globalization results in the emergence of（导致。。。的出现） more and more multinational corporations which are interested in recruiting those who are not only academically excellent but, more importantly, internationally minded. It is especially the case in some developing countries like China.
However, reaching the conclusion that international news study is important does not necessarily mean the same as suggesting that it should be one of their subjects. In many countries, especially developing ones like China, many students are suffering from heavy study workload, which, unfortunately, leads to the phenomenon that(导致。。。的现象) an increasing number of students have been riddled with （受。。。的困扰）various physical and psychological problems. It is, therefore, not wise to add even one subject.
International news study is undoubtedly important because it is not only what the constantly changing society requires but is also what makes secondary students internationally conscious. The best choice, I think, is to make it a selective subject, because in doing so, students can benefit from it without interfering with（干扰） other academic subjects.
Young adults should undertake unpaid work to help people in the community. Do you think it brings more drawbacks to the community and young adults than benefits?
I definitely agree with the idea that young people should undertake unpaid work to help people in the community, because this practice can bring about a twofold bonus.（带来双重好处）
（直截了当发表对某一问题的看法不失为一种绝佳的开头。但对受“字荒”困扰的考生当以写够字数为首要任务）
Today’s world is becoming increasingly materialized, which, unfortunately, results in the emergence of（导致。。。的出现）the phenomenon that the worship of money takes precedence over（超越） everything else. Not only, I think, is it detrimental to the future life of young people but is also harmful to the well-being of the society as a whole. I am sure nobody would like to see this.
Unpaid work, however, can make young people have a clear perspective of （清楚意识到）what money means and what personal value and responsibility imply. They may realize that there are many things in this world which are more valuable than money and that helping others can bring more joy than money can.
Unpaid or volunteer work can also benefit people in the community. It is generally believed that many people are in the disadvantaged position.（处于弱势） By that I mean there are some people who are either disabled or elderly and are badly in want of helps. If we turn a blind eye to（视而不见） their situation and leave them where they are, we are far away from being called human beings, who are supposed to help and care about each other. So giving a hand to（帮助） those disadvantaged people is our inescapable obligation, and doing unpaid work is absolutely the best option.
I think such an environment should be created（应该创造这样一种氛围） where young adults are encouraged to enthusiastically（热心地） and actively take part in unpaid work, because it is not only what our society treasures but is what distinguishes humans from most animals.
Schools should emphasize more on academic issues, which is more important for the future job, rather than sports and music. Your opinion.
Nowadays, many people harbor the view that schools should put a higher price on （更重视）academic subjects, because, in their eyes, without a qualification from a reputable school or university, the odds of landing that plum job advertised in the paper are considerably shortened.（如果没有一张名校的文凭，得到一份诱人的工作的可能性会大大减小。该句强烈建议熟记，用在学习和就业方面的题目定能增色多多）Although this trend does make sense to some extent, music and sports play a more pivotal role in terms of job-hunting.(essay map)
It is understandable for these people to think so because it is really the case that access to（得到） the best jobs is becoming more competitive and graduating with rosy（漂亮的） academic records does have some edge.（拥有优势） For example, in China, if a person has a good command of English, it is relatively easy for him to fin a decent and well-paid job. （对反方观点做让步，承认其有一定道理。显示您的公允的态度。提出观点后，始终想想可否用例子加以说明。一来弥补“字荒”的问题，更重要的是增加观点的力度）
However, reaching that conclusion does not necessarily mean the same as assuming that we should attach less importance to sports and music,（得出上述结论并不等同于认为我们应忽视体育和音乐的重要性。此句应熟记） which are a far cry from being（远不是） useless in terms of job hunting. It is important to remember that students need to develop skills other than（除了） academic ones; and the best way to do this is taking part in some sports, which are beneficial not only physically but also intellectually. More importantly,（突出连贯性） by playing some sports, students can form strong personal relationships with the friends they play with, thereby greatly increasing the opportunities for finding a job by drawing on（利用） these relationships. （现在分词短语表结果）
（该段第一句承接上下文，保持段与段之间的流畅至关重要。阐述体育的好处时要与就业联系在一起）
It is also important to remember that students need to relax as well as study. Otherwise, if everything they do must have some academic relevance与学习相关）, then they will soon get bored. Listening to music, however, offers an excellent way for the over-loaded students to get relaxed and can make them more graceful or elegant, which is one of the essential qualities many employers treasure.（珍视）(该段中，为了突出音乐的重要性，我们可以从两方面着手：1.没有音乐所带来的坏处；2.音乐所带来的好处。但应围绕着就业去写，方才扣题)
Academic subjects, of course, play a vital role in this highly competitive society. Sports and music, however, are equally or even more important because of their intrinsic（内在的） value.（总结全文观点）
Some people think that children should not violate the rules set by teachers and parents, while others insist that natural development might be better for their adult life. What is your opinion?
To obey the rules set by teachers and parents or to develop naturally, that is perhaps one of the most charged issues（引起最激烈争议的话题） in education. I think rules play an undoubted part because of their importance in life and work.(essay map)
Those who argue that it is better for children’s adult life to grow naturally might base their arguments on the grounds that（常用作引出反方观点）by doing so, children tend to（往往） be more independent.
This view might be true to some extent. However, they forget that when these children become adults, what they will be faced with is an organized world. In other words, there are rules regulating their behaviors. As a consequence, those who grow up ignoring rules are generally those who might come across（遇到） many problems in terms of work and life. For example, when they are grown-ups, they might violate laws-one form of rules- as they do when they are children. Nobody, I think, would like to see this. They may also be frowned upon （不满意）by employers because no company would recruit those who turn a blind eye to (视而不见)the rules, which virtually（实际上） exist in all companies. It is, therefore, reasonable to say that this argument definitely lacks validity（缺乏合理性） and may pose potential threats to(构成潜在威胁) their future career.
Natural development, in my eyes, does not refer to grow up without paying any attention to rules. Instead, it refers to a process of instilling in a sense of （灌输。。。意识）independent thinking under the framework（框架） of rules. It must be realized that there is no absolute ‘natural development’ in this world. （此处采用定义法，对natural development下一个支持自己观点的定义）
So it is essential for children to learn to obey rules because it is what the modern society requires. Of course, these rules should be of value in terms of children’s development.
Some people think that exams have some bad effects on both students and teachers. Some other say they do a good job in the evaluation of students’ performance. What is your opinion?
Exams have existed in many countries for centuries, and there has been no shortage of people （一直有人）debating the role they play. I think along with its undoubted popularity and importance in reality come more potential drawbacks.（尽管它们在现实中拥有毋庸置疑的流行性和重要性，但有着更多的弊端。此句应为必背。）
Many people might hold the view that exams, as they have been, are a good tool to evaluate students’ academic performance. They argue that those who do very well in exams are generally those who are intelligent.（此句型应熟记） It is, however, doubtful that this tool can be applied universally. A great number of geniuses who contributed greatly to the development of science and technology did not have rosy academic records. Einstein, a giant in science, was viewed as a retarded student at his schooling age. Who would say Bill Gates is nobody even though he did not graduate from Harvard University? To name but a few.（仅举数例而已） Therefore, it is not reasonable to say that exams are a multifaceted means to appraise students’ performance. Instead, both teachers and students have suffered a lot due to the overwhelming role played by exams.（该段由提出反方观点开头，然后用however转折，接着运用举例法反驳反方观点，注意问句的使用往往能增加文章的力量。最后一句起路标的作用；引出下文。这是一种很好的手段，不妨试试）
Students have complained bitterly that they are under the heavy pressure of studying extremely hard for fear（担心） that they might fail in exams, because they are sold the concept（被灌输） that failure in exam means failure in the future severe competition. As a consequence, it is not a rarity to read the reports that an increasing number of students have been riddled with(困扰) a series of anti-social behaviors ranging from unwilling to interact with others to even committing suicide. Teachers, on the other hand, are also the victims of exams. In order to meet the requirements of（满足。。。的需求） exam-driven teaching, they have to focus on improving the so-called exam techniques, neglecting the very nature of teaching, which is enhancing students’ comprehensive abilities, such as reading, writing and most importantly, critical thinking. All these will inevitably result in the emergence of（导致。。。的出现） a disabled generation who know nothing but(仅仅) how to prepare for exams- a disaster to a nation.（该段通过学生和老师两方面阐述考试所带来的坏处。用on the other hand 有机地承接两个观点。）
Therefore, effective measures should be made to get rid of the ills（消除弊端） resulting from exams. However, the top priority,（首要任务） I think, is to put exams in the appropriate position, which is one of the ways to show students potentials.
（最后一段呼吁采取措施消除考试所带来的弊端，并举出一个具体措施。）
Memorization of information by frequent repetition (rote learning) plays a role in the modern education systems. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
The debate surrounding study methodology is perhaps the most charged one in education. This is partly the result of the fact that people are paying more and more attention to the effectiveness of study.（拿到作文题第一个要思考的问题是：题目中的话题在什么背景下出现，即所谓“大背景”。该题涉及教育领域内一个引起争议的话题，所以第一句作为开篇很合适。另外，在第一段中将争议的原因稍加说明是一个老练的写手常常采用的方法，其目的是告诉读者他对所要论述的话题有着深刻的认识。
We are now entering the era of the so-called information age, which means we are faced with huge amounts of information, perhaps too huge for an ordinary person to deal with. In this case, nobody would disagree that it is impossible for students to memorize so much information. Otherwise, not only will they waste a lot of time, they may also suffer heavily from the low effectiveness of their studies. Nobody, I am sure, would like to see this happen. We must also remember that interest play an important role in studies. Unfortunately, memorizing information repeatedly can easily make people feel bored.（此段从两方面论述：a.做不到。b.产生恶果。反对某种做法所采取的措施大抵如此）
Modern education, in my eyes, should focus on improving students’ ability of thinking independently and critically，as well as analyzing and making the best use of the information available. So simply memorizing is obviously unfit for the status quo.（此段采取“定义法”。对某个名词采取有利于自己文章的定义，不失为一种有效的办法，尽管有点难度。对现代教育的认识因人而异，任何人都无权对其他人对某件事物的认识说三道四。）
But it must be admitted that this study method is still relatively useful in some areas. For example，when a student begins to learn a foreign language, one of the good ways to enlarge the vocabulary is through repeated memorization of the unfamiliar words. And also, it is said by memorizing, a person’s memory may be exercised and enhanced. （该部分为让步，对待反方观点通常可采取两种方法：a.承认其有可取之处；b.找出其理由加以驳斥。后者更有力，但也更难）Nevertheless, I would argue again that repeated memorization should step off the central stage of education, making room for（让路于） more effective methods.
亮点词汇及表达：
Charged引起激烈争议的 effectiveness效果 era时代 partly the result of the fact that部分是由于 be faced with面对 suffer from承受 critically批判性的 the status quo现状 be unfit for不合适 enlarge扩大 step off退出 make room for让位于
Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to work hard when they are young. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
In many countries, an increasing number of young people are working hard when they are young, a trend which raises considerable concern among many people. Views regarding this issue vary greatly from person to person. （现成开头，记熟而已）Although this tendency brings about some benefits, the drawbacks in terms of students’ physical and psychological development are more obvious.(此句为essay map，高分作文开头必备要素)
Some people might argue on the grounds that（有些人可能认为。引出反方观点常用表达） hard work can benefit people, especially young people a lot by molding them into （塑造）the strong-willed. It is especially valuable in such times when more and more young people are spoiled. （次句说明strong-willed的好处，必记句型）
It is understandable for these people to think so. However, I tend to think that working hard under a certain age can pose more potential threats to（构成潜在威胁） the development of young people. Physically speaking, young people are immature in terms of growth. Excessive（过度的） work may give rise to（导致） a series of undesirable outcomes, such as, the deterioration of physical condition. It has already happened in many countries including China. What is more serious lies in the psychological aspect. It is not a rarity to read the reports that many youngsters have developed some kinds of mental disorder ranging from depression, anxiety to even committing suicide. I think too much stress from work is the culprit（罪魁祸首）. Furthermore, they might feel even more desperate if they can not get what they hope for although they work very hard, thereby triggering（引发） a vicious circle.（恶性循环）
（某件事情对人的影响往往可以从“生理和心理”两方面展开）
Considering the seriousness of the negative effects, I think measures should be taken; the most effective of which is an environment should be created where young people can feel less stressful. Hard work should be highly, but not excessively valued.
（最后一段提一些解决问题的措施是高分考生的特点）
The frequent change of the world has often resulted in the change of people’s jobs and work life. Discuss what has caused this and give your suggestions on preparing people who are going to work in the future.
The constant change of the world has led to the alteration（改变） in terms of people’s jobs and occupational life. I think the very reason behind this trend is the development of technology in many aspects of life.
Firstly, we are entering the so-called information age, which fundamentally changes the very nature of jobs. Simply put,（简单地说） with the rise of the internet, an increasing number of people are undertaking computer-related jobs. China might be a good case in point where the number of the people who are engaged in（从事） computer related jobs has almost more than doubled than that ten years ago.
Secondly, the rapid progress of transport technology makes it possible for people to possess a high degree of mobility. In other words, we are not confined to （不再局限于）working in one place as we did in the past. Indeed, it is not a rarity（不稀罕） that we have breakfast in Tokyo but lunch is served in Beijing.
Thirdly, people are paying more and more attention to leisure activities thanks to the shortened working hours, thereby spurring the prosperity of（刺激。。。的繁荣） the service industry. In many countries ,the tertiary industry has absorbed the lion’s share of（ 最大份额）the labor force.
Of course, along with the above-mentioned changes come the drawbacks, the most obvious of which is that people are under increasingly high pressure as the result of the fast-tempo（快节奏） of occupational life, which unfortunately, results in many undesirable outcomes.
I think those who are about to work in the future should bear the following points in mind. In the first place, since computers play a key role in today’s world, it is vital to be literate of them. More importantly, those who are eager to be successful in the future should realize that pressure is an integral part（组成部分） of work life，so to be stress-resistant is the essential quality they are supposed to possess.
The international trade has made many goods transported to other countries, such as daily necessities. Such goods are usually transported a long distance. Do you think if its benefits outweigh the drawbacks?
Many goods including daily necessities are being transported to other countries over a long distance thanks to the booming（繁荣） of the international trade. I think although this trend brings some benefits in terms of employment and economy, the drawbacks are more obvious because of the risks involved and the adverse effects posed to both the exporting and importing countries. (Essay map)
Many countries are export-orientated. By that I mean exportation has remained the backbone（支柱） of its economy, providing jobs for a huge portion of its population and making a great deal of hard currency. China might be a good case in point. It is unimaginable what China’s national economy would be like if it does otherwise.
However, along with its importance in sustaining economy come the potential threats,（记住这个句子，重要！） the most serious of which might be that the economy of the exporting countries may be influenced by the fluctuating exchange rate（波动的汇率） and the unpredictable situation of the importing countries. For example, many exporting companies in China are suffering heavily due to the appreciation（升值） of RMB. There are also some other disadvantages in transporting goods, such as daily necessities, to other countries over a long distance. For example, it would not be helpful for the development of the similar industries of the importing countries because they may rely solely on（仅仅依赖） the outside supplies. It has already happened in many countries. Another drawback of this practice is that some goods, such as vegetables, might be not as fresh when they reach the destination due to the long distance and the price might be much higher as a result of the transport expenses.
International trade will definitely play a significant role in many countries. However, how to overcome the drawbacks resulting from it remains a tough task for the people concerned.（开放式结尾）
International tourism becomes the biggest industry, but it creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. What is your opinion?
The development of international tourism is booming and gaining momentum.（发展势头正猛） Some people, however, think that it has generated tension rather than mutual understanding between different cultures. I think this view holds because local people may not get the economic gains, because the local traditions and ecosystem may be under threats, and because conflicts may arise due to the misunderstanding. (Essay map)
It is a common exercise that many international tourist agencies have set up branches in the tourist destinations, and the money tourists pay does not go to the local community. As a result, the hostility（敌意） of the local community may emerge.（出现）
In addition, since local residents can make more money in a few weeks for tourists than they can in a year, it is not strange for them to give up their farm-work, thereby leading to a serious decline in farm output and turning to supplies of rice and other foods outside.
Besides, with the tourists swarming into （蜂拥进入）the tourist sites, the local ecology is under threats; trees are cut down to make room for transportation; farmland is cleared to build restaurants and water is drained to meet the demands of tourists.
What is more serious lies in the fact that(更糟的是) due to the wide discrepancies（差别） in terms of customs, cultures, life styles and religions, conflicts may be unavoidable. It has already happened in many tourist destinations. All these, sadly enough, amount to（导致） awful tension between people from different cultures.
Admittedly, tourism has benefited some local communities to some extent, because it brings in hard currency.（赚取硬通货） Ironically, （具讽刺意味的是） it is the very reason that gives rise to a wide range of problems currently existing in these countries. How to balance the benefits brought by tourism against its problems has been an urgent task for government planners and tourist agencies as well.（最后一句为所谓的“开放式结尾”）
Good relation between different countries would become more important than ever before. Do you agree or disagree?
It is really the case that the relation between countries has been prioritized in many government’s agenda （政府的头等大事）and I think it is justified for them to do so.
The world is closely bound up in terms of（与。。。密切相关） economy. That means no single country can be economically independent of what is happening in other countries. A good case in point would be the ongoing financial crisis in many countries. Originated in the U.S., it has spread quickly across the world, causing a great deal of loss to many countries. It is generally believed that this problem can not be solved if the relation between countries is nothing but tense. Another equally convincing example might be the Iraqi War. Not only is it a human disaster to millions of Iraqi people, but is also a step backward in the history of human beings.（倒装句型，掌握它并运用它！） I think it was the decision maker’s mishandling of the bilateral relation that led to this tragedy（此句为强调句，记住运用哦）. Nobody, I am sure, would like to see this happen.
The benefits of good relation between different countries are obvious. Developed countries can enlarge its international market and lower costs of manufacturing, while developing ones can curb（降低） the unemployment rate and boost exportation, thereby improving the living standard in general. It is a win-win practice.（双赢做法）
We must realize that there is only one earth and many countries have possessed the technology to produce enough nuclear weapons to destroy the earth many times. If the relation between countries is not properly handled, what we will be faced might be the end of the world.
Several languages are dying out every year. Some people do not think it is important and say that our life will be simpler with fewer languages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is really the case that a number of languages are becoming extinct yearly. I do not think people should make a fuss about（对。。。大惊小怪） this trend, because it is nothing but natural and because it is beneficial in terms of the understanding of different cultures, the fading of conflicts and the boost of economic activities.
Throughout history, communities have emerged and gone .So have languages.（这两句应深加体会，记熟，用熟。） There is nothing unusual about this tendency and it is meaningless to attempt to revitalize some fading languages. According to many linguists, if the number of people who speak a certain language is less than 100, the language is bound to die out no matter how hard people try to inject life to the dead bone. （做徒劳无益之事）
Some people might hold the view that since language is intimately bound up with（密切相关） culture, the disappearance of a language means the disappearance of a culture. However, I think it is just because that the world is peppered with（充满） a variety of languages that undermines the spread of different cultures.（强调句！） The fewer languages exist, the more people will have fewer difficulties in understanding different cultures and protecting them. Besides, linguists have proven that people who speak different languages have different ways of looking at the world, which is one of the reasons that trigger some kinds of misunderstanding or even conflicts. Nobody, I am sure, would like to see this. Finally, smaller number of languages is beneficial as far as the world’s economy is concerned（就。。。而言） because people in different countries will have no hurdles in terms of（在。。。方面没有障碍） language in commercial activities.
So it is really a good thing that there are fewer languages in the world because our world will be more harmonious and simpler.
Individual greed and selfishness has been the basis of the modern society. Some people think we must return to the older and more traditional values of respect for the family and the local community to create a better world to live in. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is really the case that people in the modern world are becoming increasingly greedy and selfish, a trend which makes some people give top priority to some traditional values, such as respecting for the family and the local community, and urge enthusiastically to return to these values. It is necessary to put some thoughts into （思考）this issue.
Admittedly, greed and selfishness do lead to some undesirable outcomes―― the break-up of families and the alienation between people in the local community, to name but a few（仅举数例而已）. However, it must be realized that greed and selfishness are not what modern people possess. In other words, they have been there since human beings set their foot on （踏足）this planet.
Besides, in my eyes, greed is something which drives the world forward. Just because people are greedy, they are able to create many fantastic things which their ancestors could never imagine. For example, the range and quality of foods have been greatly enhanced as the result of people’s “greed”.
It must also be realized that the whole world is keeping moving on. By that I mean it is impossible for people to return to something which has already gone. In addition, just like a German philosopher once said, “Whatever it is is right.” Greed and selfishness are just there. We can do nothing but live with them.
Reaching the above-mentioned conclusion does not mean the same as assuming that we should attach no importance to some traditional values. Instead, we do need to figure out some ways to revive （复活）those values. However, how to achieve that goal will be a tough one.
Some people think that government should provide assistance to all kinds of artists, while some others think it is a waste of money. What is your opinion?
Nowadays, some people hold the view that it is a waste of money to assist artists. I think this view is totally lack of validity （完全不合理）because it ignores the significance of arts in our life and may give rise to some undesirable outcomes on the preservation of the artistic traditions..（essay map）
Artists, in my eyes, are just like scientists, both of whom have contributed substantially to the development of the society. Nobody would disagree that scientific achievements have brought about a great deal of convenience to our life. Mobile phone is perhaps a good case in point. However， it does not necessarily mean the same as assuming that we should be ignorant of（忽视） artists. The first reaction people have when talking about Paris would not be those technological stuff but artistic works, such as the great paintings, writing masterpieces, especially the Eiffel Tower, which is viewed highly in terms of artistic uniqueness.（在艺术独创性方面得到高度评价） Take the mobile phone again. It seems to me that people nowadays pay more attention to its artistic design than is functions.（以彼之道，还施彼身） It is, therefore, not justified for those who think that it is a waste of money to support artists.
From the government’s perspective,（从政府的角度来说） it is its inescapable duty to allocate （分配）its budget in a holistic and fair way. It is an undeniable fact that in many countries, many artists are generally disadvantaged in terms of monetary wealth. In other words, they have to struggle for daily sustenance, which sadly enough, results in the disappearance of（导致。。。的消失） many kinds of artistic traditions. Not only does it mean a loss to a nation but a loss to the world as a whole. No one, I am sure, would like to see this happen.
Artists should be highly valued and strongly supported, especially in this increasingly materialized world. Whilst scientists have contributed a lot to the progress of people’s material life, what artists have brought about is inner peace, aesthetic tastes and relaxation, which are undoubtedly more valuable and priceless. Satisfaction brought by the technological advances is transitory （短暂的）and sometimes illusionary,（虚幻的） but that by the appreciation of artistic creation is absolutely not.
Newspapers and magazines have special interest in the private lives of famous people. What can you explain it? What effects it will have on the people being exposed?
In recent years, many newspapers and magazines have focused on the activities of famous people, such as film stars, pop singers. Reporters disguise（隐藏） their identities, infiltrate（渗透） the subjects’ business and family, or even bug and wiretap(偷听) them to get the news by whatever means are necessary.
It is not difficult to figure out the reasons for their surprising amount of interest in famous people’s life. The top priority for any newspapers and magazines is to satisfy readers’ curiosity. Famous people are in the spotlight（聚光灯）, renowned or notorious（声名卓著的或臭名昭著的）, and they are the topic of the ordinary people. Journalists often find it their duty to report their activities.
Moreover, what matters to a newspaper or magazines is the number of readers. A large readership means the rise in the circulation（发行量） of their publications, hence a huge profit. Since the stories of film stars or pop singers draw far more attention than that of other people, it is natural that the press tries every possible means to feature them, for the sake of（为了。。。的目的） money, of course.
Those exposed figures, however, can be severely hurt buy such press attention. Many of them can not lead a normal life. Shopping like an ordinary people, for example, may become a luxury to them. Even worse, their life will be in danger. The extreme case might be the death of Princess Diana who died in a car accident as she attempted to escape the photographers in a chase through Paris.
Celebrities（名流）, just like other people, have the right to keep their own privacy-- the basic right which should be respected, protected and guaranteed by the laws in whatever circumstances.
“Prevention is better than cure.” Out of a country’s health budget, a large proportion should be diverted from treatment to spending on health education and preventive measures.
The health of the general public has always been prioritized in any government’s agenda.（一直以来都是政府的头等大事） There has been, however, a heated debate surrounding whether a large proportion of a country’s health budget should go to health education and preventative measures or to treatment. I definitely support the former view based on the following arguments.
Take the cost of treating cancer for example. It is extremely high, running into （数字达到）hundreds of thousands dollars. The effect, however, is generally not as expected. Many people suffering from a certain kind of cancer end up（以。。。而告终） passing away, leaving unbearable（无法承受的） financial burden on their family. It is a tragedy（悲剧） but can be avoided. Medical researches have proven that many kinds of cancers can be prevented by taking some preventive measures and popularizing health education.
Another example might be the smoking-related problems, which causes tens of thousands of people to die every year and many more to contract(罹患) serious diseases. In an attempt to（为了） combat these problems, governments in some countries have invested substantially to find the “cure”, but what they have achieved is insignificant（收效甚微）. On the contrary, some other countries have attached importance to the education of the hazards of smoking and worked out a range of effective measures to persuade people to stay away from cigarettes. The cost of treating diseases resulting from smoking, as a consequence, has enormously dropped.
Therefore, governments should put a high price on（重视） prevention instead of trying to find the cure, because it is not only the most cost-effective（划算的） but is also the most effective approach way in dealing with health problems.
Leisure is a growing industry now, and people are not entertaining and creative as they used to be because of the use of modern technology. What is your opinion?
The wide application of technology has certainly generated a variety of undesirable effects. However, whether it makes people less creative and entertaining is questionable.
Perhaps it is a good starting point to figure out the correlation （关系）between imagination and creativity. I think creativity is based on imagination. However, imagination can not automatically lead to creativity without some external factors,（外部因素） the most important of which is the development of technology. For example, Chinese people had had a dream of flying to the sky for thousands of years. But it would not have been realized in the absence of（如果没有） space technology. Similarly, it is the progress of technology, such as the rise of internet, that provides people with enormous amounts of information, which is essential to be creative.
Those who think they can not entertain themselves as they did in the past might dwell too much on the bygones. （过度沉湎于过往的一切）It is true that some childhood games might have brought about a great deal of pleasure. But they forget that now, thanks to the rapid advancement of technology, we have much more choices than ever before. Without technology, for example, can it be possible to make so many fascinating films with stunning effects? Besides, with the invention of the plane, we can set our foot on（踏足） many more places, which brings about significantly more pleasure and enjoyment than the people in the past could ever have imagined.
So it is not valid to think that technology makes people less creative and entertaining. On the contrary, without technology, our world would be far duller than it is now.
In many countries, sports and exercise classes are replaced with the academic subjects. Discuss the effects of the trend.
Nowadays, there has been a debate about whether it would be more effective to replace physical education classes with academic subjects. Despite the importance of sports, I highly believe that it is inevitable and more efficient to focus more on academic subjects for several reasons.
Those who argue that sports and exercise class are needed in schools base their case on the following arguments.（表达反面观点常用句型） First of all, sports are a good way to build character and develop personality. That is, they are necessary for learning about competition, cooperation, and good sportsmanship. In addition, as a majority of children these days are addicted to（上瘾） the internet, they find it hard to leave their computer. Consequently, a growing number of children are becoming overweight and obese due to a lack of exercise. So if schools foster an environment that deprives students of（剥夺） getting a proper physical education, it will have a long-term negative effect on children mentally and physically.
Nevertheless, people should not ignore the fact that devoting more time and energy to academic subjects will benefit students more in the long-run. The time devoted to physical education now would be better spent teaching students English. This is because speaking fluent English will give young people an advantage over other college applicants and job seekers in the near future. Besides, science will undoubtedly benefit youth more than physical education as well. The principals learned in science will provide the necessary foundation for solving many difficult problems that are sure to arise in students’ future.
In summary, there are high hopes that educators and parents exercise wisdom in teaching young generations.
It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its members. Compare the contributions of artists to the society with the contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society?
It is a controversial question whether the contributions of artists are more or less than those of scientists to the society. From my everyday experience and observation, I think that contributions made by both artists and scientists are valuable, priceless and irreplaceable（珍贵的，无价的，不可替代的。） for every society.
The contributions of artists to the society are very essential. People learn the history and traditions of their countries through the art. They also watch movies that entertain and at the same time extend their range of interests. Another important aspect is that art is an ancient means of communication. In old times, people depicted the herds of mammoths（猛犸象） on the walls of their caves. They performed different rituals（仪式） around the fireplace asking their gods for health, good harvest and weather.
On the other hand, the contribution of scientists could not be exaggerated. All humankind is indebted to（感谢） scientists because of their work and achievements. Scientists make our life easier. We have cars and airplanes to move fast from one place to another. We have microwaves and a bunch of preprocessed food to make the cooking much easier. We have different devices that simplify all we do. Finally, scientists are making great achievements in medicine that make our life longer and happier.
To sum up, I believe that artists nourish our soul（丰富心灵） while scientists facilitate our life. So we can not eliminate or underestimate either of them.
Education has always been prioritized in one’s life. While it can be argued that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and spend most of their time on school studies, I would argue that it is a better idea for them to devote time to playing.
Admittedly, children who begin to study at an early age might have more chances to succeed in this increasingly knowledge-based society. They acquire more knowledge and experience which are priceless and precious in terms of job hunting.
However, every child must have his or her childhood which should be joyful and carefree. There are many tragedies happening in China as a result of being forced to study hard. In addition, children can foster such basic qualities as cooperation, self-confidence and a good sense of humor by playing. More importantly, they have a clear perspective of（对。。。有清醒的认识）） win and lose. Furthermore, children at their early ages need more exercise because at this age the development of their body is a very essential aspect. Children first of all must be healthy. Last but not the least, children should spend more time with their family, playing and learning with their parents. It is especially valuable in such times when families are not as close as before.
To sum up, I think children should have their careless childhood with no responsibilities. Moreover, I am sure that playing helps them develop not only their bones and muscles but their ability to make decisions, analyze things and make conclusions, which is very good for their future.
Children’s life these days are quite different from our generations。 Describe what are the biggest changes in younger generation and explain some factors of this phenomenon。
Over the past few decades， the world has significantly changed.（此句可以用在很多文章的开头） Nowadays many people begin to wonder what the reasons behind these changes are。The major contributing factors are the advances in media，changes in the dietary habits and the family organization.
First，advances in media，such as the internet and TV, have meant that children spend a large portion of their leisure time in front of a screen. Consequently，they are not getting proper amounts of exercise，which results in an increase in the number of the children who are overweight and obese.
In addition，the rampant（如火如荼的） globalization has brought more than just the exchange of goods, but life styles as well. An increasing number of young people in developing countries are interested in fast food, such as KFC, which is also damaging to children’s health.
Another worrying change might be that many young people have developed some kinds of personality disorders such as depression, loneliness and selfishness. This is mainly because of the change in the family unit. Compared with a half century ago, nuclear families have become way more common in modern society. People tend to have only one child. Studies have indicated that over 65% of children who are brought up without siblings show self-centered and find difficult cooperating with their peers.
There are many factors that have caused children to live differently from the generation before them. There are high hopes that parents exercise wisdom in treating their children.
Many people think that nowadays people are being subjected to more and more pressure in their work, and thus are having less and less time to relax. What is your opinion?
In modern society, especially in big cities, hard work has become a very important feature(特征) of ordinary people’s everyday life. It seems that many people are under the impression that their work is becoming more pressing and urgent, and thus they sacrifice more and more leisure time. Many reasons can be identified and the adverse effects（有害影响） can not be ignored.
Firstly, work today is more demanding than it used to be along with the rapid development of science and technology. For example, college graduates nowadays have to master foreign languages, computer science and driving skills before they can find decent jobs. As a result, their space time tends to be occupied, not with leisure pursuit, but with work-related pursuits.
Secondly, competition is becoming more intense. Many people feel anxious that they may be laid-off（下岗） if they can not work as hard as others. And they also feel at a disadvantage（处于劣势） before new graduates. It is, therefore, understandable that people keep themselves involved in hard work in order to preserve their positions.
The worst aspect of this phenomenon is that the huge pressure of work will gradually affect people’s mental health. Excessively hard work means that people can not get rid of the fatigue （消除疲劳）of their work, even in their leisure time. This means that they can not enjoy a normal life.
In a word, overwork is stealing our leisure time. However to reverse this trend should be an urgent task for all the members of the society.
Parents are the best teachers. Do you agree or disagree?
Throughout my life I have been lucky to have a good relationship with my parents. They have supported me, give me necessary criticism, and taught me a great deal about how to live my life. Indeed, parents can be very important teachers in our lives. However, whether they are the best teachers is questionable.
Parents may be too close to their children emotionally. Sometimes they can only see their children through the eyes of a protector.（以保护者的眼光）They may limit their children’s freedom in the name of safety. For example, a teacher might regard a trip to a big city as a valuable experience. However, it might seem too dangerous to the parents.
Another problem is that parents may expect their children’s interests to be similar to them. If they love writing, for example, they might try to force their children to follow suit. But what if their children’s true love is science or car repair? Conflicts may arise.
Moreover, parents are usually eager to pass on（传承） their value to their children. But they forget that the society has undergone tremendous changes. What is valued by the parents might not be embraced by the children. For example, many Chinese people prefer to have an extended family with several generations under one roof(数代同堂的家庭). Most youngsters however, think it unacceptable because they prioritize（置于首要位置） freedom and independence in their life.
The importance of parents as teachers can never be denied. But we have many other teachers in our life who are equally valuable and even more influential than parents.
The most important quality in an employee is not the specific knowledge or technical competence. Instead, it is the ability to work well with other employees. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Whether the ability to work with others is more important than specific knowledge and technical competence（能力） has long been a controversial issue. In general, social skills are more critical than technical competence to the ultimate success of an organizational unit.
Admittedly, some level of technological competence and specific knowledge are needed to perform any job. Without some knowledge of the systems, procedures and vocabulary used in one’s department or division, an employee can not communicate effectively with peers or contribute meaningfully to the team goals. By the same token, （同样）however, nearly every job―even those in which technical ability would seem to be paramount（非常的） importance―calls for some skills in working with others. Computer programmers, for example, work in teams to develop products according to the agreed-on （预设的）specifications and timelines Scientists and researchers must collaborate to establish common goals and to coordinate efforts.
Moreover, employees can generally learn technical skills and gain specific knowledge through on ?the-job training（在职培训） and continuing education. Social skills, on the other hand, are more innate（天生的） and not easily learned. They are, therefore, requisite skills that employees must possess at the outset （开始）if the organization is to succeed.
Specific knowledge does play a critical role in some highly-technical jobs. Nevertheless, the ability to work with others is ultimately more important, since all jobs require this ability and since it is more difficult to learn social skills on the job.
